
Belgian soldiers digging trenches in World War I. Photo from firstworldwar.com
Trench fever is caused by a bacterium, Bartonella quintana, and may also be known as five-day fever and wolhynia. It is transmitted by the human body louse from person to person. People who are infected with trench fever have nonspecific symptoms such as head ache, muscle ache, nausea, and fever. Relapses may occur several times during the course of disease and sometimes years later.